Environmental Justice Practice Exam

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• A critique of intergenerational justice claims argues that they may undermine Indigenous social resilience as self-determining collectives. Which option reflects this critique?
• Explain the three environmental justice pillars and give a brief description of each.
• How does community science strengthen EJ efforts?
• Distinguish between bias due to structural racism and bias from apparently neutral decisions in EJ.
• What does FPIC stand for and why is it relevant to EJ?
• Which event is cited as illustrating ecological balance restoration?
• What best captures the definition of ecological justice as presented?
• Cancer alley along the Mississippi River is used in the material as an example of which type of justice?
• According to Schlosberg, which are the two basic, defensible principles of distributive justice?
• Which concept emphasizes that environmental harm can undermine a people's ability to maintain their way of life across generations?
• The Public-Private Paradox Def describes core EJ idea that ...
• How do structural determinants shape EJ outcomes?
• Public-Private Paradox Relevance describes which concept?
• Environmental racism is defined as the disproportionate siting of hazardous environmental industries in non-white communities, with Warren County, Pennsylvania as an example. Which statement best defines environmental racism?
• Which of the following best captures the factors that contribute to the likelihood of a social movement's emergence?
• Identify two pollutants frequently highlighted in urban environmental justice concerns and explain why.
• According to the framework, climate activism in the United States has not meaningfully emerged due to three factors. Which option is NOT one of those factors?
• The term Tributaries in EJ literature refers to the diverse movements that feed into the main river of Environmental Justice. What do tributaries symbolize?
• Environmental Governance examples illustrate which of the following?
• During the Chicago heat wave of 1995, which groups experienced higher mortality rates?
• Misrecognition is described as what?
• Environmental justice seeks to ensure what for all communities?
• How do land use planning and zoning influence environmental justice outcomes?
• In addressing Cancer Alley, which justice type may be necessary in addition to distributive justice?
• If rising sea levels force an indigenous coastal community to relocate, the loss is not just housing or property. The community may lose access to burial grounds, fishing areas, ceremonial spaces, and ancestral land. This best describes which aspect of collective continuity being hardest to maintain?
• Equity-focused EJ analyses differ from traditional EJ assessments by prioritizing:
• In environmental governance, what does unequal governance refer to?
• Collective continuance critiques emphasize that environmental hazards are not distributed equally; they are disproportionately located in communities of color. What does this critique highlight?
• The Public-Private Paradox Critique emphasizes which focus when considering justice in environmental policy?
• Cumulative impacts in environmental justice analyses are defined as which of the following?
• What is a common critique of ecological justice as described?
• In EJ context, what does COSH stand for?
• Which term defines the pattern where Indigenous peoples are forced onto environmentally degraded lands, leading to multi-generational health issues?
• What is the role of community participation in environmental justice, and what constitutes meaningful participation?
• What is the role of civil society organizations in EJ advocacy?
• Environmental justice critiques sometimes revolve around a misdirected focus on what?
• Which of the following is one of the four kinds of justice associated with environmental justice, alongside procedural, distributional, and recognition?
• What is a common critique of traditional Environmental Justice models?
• What is a key critique of Capabilities Justice as described in the material?
• Which statement about framing in social movements is accurate?
• Some liberal theorists argue for prioritizing the group over the individual, while others contend that the 'continuation' of a group is a vague concept. What is the main philosophical critique of 'continuation' in this context?
• What constitutes effective risk communication in EJ contexts?
• Which practice best supports meaningful participation in environmental justice work?
• What does cultural competency in EJ outreach entail?
• Name a practical EJ mitigation measure for a proposed facility.
• What is the Right-to-Know principle in environmental justice, and why is it important?
• The Social Movement Emergence critique describes regulatory processes as what?
• Which statement best describes the three core dimensions of environmental justice?
• In EJ, which dimension is primarily about meaningful participation by affected communities in decision-making?
• Why is a color-conscious approach important in environmental justice policy design?
• Adaptive capacity is best understood as which concept?
• Which statement correctly identifies the three factors that must align for a movement to be effective?
• Which practice is cited as an example where recognition justice would be necessary because it labels neighborhoods with higher numbers of racial minorities as undesirable for investment?
• What does a disproportionate burden mean in EJ terms?
• How should benefits and burdens be weighed in EJ evaluations?
• What best defines environmental justice?
• What does 'disproportionate effects' mean in the context of environmental justice?
• Which items are listed as capabilities in Capabilities Justice?
• Which of the following is identified as a challenge in reparations discussions?
• The Public-Private Paradox is criticized for being what in scope?
• How does climate justice intersect with environmental justice?
• Environmental injustice encompasses not only race but also class dimensions, reflecting a broader pattern of unfair distribution of environmental harms. Which statement best describes this?
• Which statement best aligns with the ecological justice framework described?
• A critique of Environmental Governance notes which tension?
• Intergenerational justice includes ideas such as the persistence of community and having a responsibility to future generations as part of environmental justice decolonization.
• In ecological justice discourse, which relation is central when describing its scope?
• In some frameworks, what is prioritized over actual solutions in addressing environmental concerns?
• In reparations discourse, advocates argue that wealthy nations should do what?
• Which characteristic describes the Anti-Toxics Movement in EJ history?
• Why is the urban heat island phenomenon an EJ concern?
• Cumulative risk assessments in EJ policy are intended to evaluate what?
• Which procedures are described as both an element of justice and a condition for social justice in participatory justice?
• What is a key practical implication of integrating environmental justice into federal decision making under NEPA?
• Why are Indigenous rights central to EJ discussions?
• What is a potential implication if federal and state EJ initiatives diverge?
• What term describes the pattern of environmental changes that compound over time to reinforce settler ignorance against Indigenous peoples?
• Which component is typically included in a Community Benefits Agreement (CBA)?
• According to Cole and Foster, which movement is considered the greatest tributary to the Environmental Justice Movement?
• Which justice framework focuses on the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens across generations?
• An example of this term is Indigenous peoples being displaced to lands with oil or uranium mining, resulting in health harms across generations.
• Collective Continuance overlaps conceptually with which idea?
• Which of the following is described as a spillover effect of natural gas fracking on neighboring properties in rural Pennsylvania?
• Which statement best describes the Social Production of Disasters theory?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ecological justice as described?
• How does ecological justice differ from traditional environmental justice, according to the material?
• PM2.5 and NO2 are highlighted in environmental justice because they are linked to exposure disparities and what health outcomes?
• Which statement best captures a common critique of ecological justice as described?
• How does the Clean Air Act relate to environmental justice concerns?
• What is a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and how does it connect to environmental justice?
• Why is language access essential in EJ engagement?
• What is EJ Screen and what is its primary purpose?
• Environmental Governance is defined as what?
• What is a major critique of procedural justice?
• What risk arises if data privacy is not protected in EJ data collection?
• What does environmental justice aim to recognize and address?
• In EJ risk communication, what is the importance of listening to community concerns?
• What procedural justice violation occurred during the Flint Water Crisis of 2014?
• Procedural justice in EJ emphasizes what aspect?
• Which form of justice is primarily concerned with the fair allocation of social goods and environmental benefits or burdens?
• What does distributional justice focus on within environmental justice?
• Which statement best reflects ecological justice?
• How does NEPA relate to environmental justice in federal decision-making?
• In the concept of collective continuance, what is central to maintaining a community's identity?
• Which reforms could strengthen environmental justice in environmental policy?
• The Public-Private Paradox Example is described as what because of policy differences across states?
• The myth that colonizers found America as an untouched wilderness is an example of which concept?
• Which best describes a direct responsibility of civil society in EJ advocacy?
• What is the purpose of the EPA’s environmental justice guidance from the early 1990s?
• What is the role of community engagement in EJ policy?
• Kyle Whyte uses which concept to argue that environmental harm can threaten a people's ability to live as a connected collective?
• Why is data privacy important in community EJ data collection?
• Which scenario illustrates an environmental justice concern?
• Which EJ dimension emphasizes respecting diverse cultures, identities, and knowledge?
• A common critique of the Social Production of Disasters model is that it may underemphasize which factor?
• The view of time as cyclical rather than linear is used as an example within which framework?
• Why is a cumulative risk assessment often preferred over a single-pollutant risk assessment in EJ?
• What event is cited as an ecological justice example in the material?
• Which element of procedural justice is illustrated by late notification of residents in a highway expansion plan?
• What three contributions did Civil Rights activists bring to the Environmental Justice Movement?
• Which of the following is a policy tool agencies can use to advance EJ in permitting decisions?
• Environmental Justice vs. Environmental Racism is sometimes described using a river metaphor, where all EJ movements feed into the river. What does this metaphor imply about EJ movements?
• Why are cumulative impacts essential to consider in EJ analyses?
• Which groups provided a foundational influence for Environmental Justice and ecological justice movements?
• The Warren County, PA example is commonly cited to illustrate which concept?
• Which statement best captures the role of greenspace and buffer zones in planning for EJ?
• What key policy lesson emerged from the Flint water crisis regarding environmental justice?
• What is a key critique of the Settler Colonialism framework regarding land?
• What does the Recognition Justice example suggest about recognizing inequalities?
• Which statement best describes the overall aim of environmental justice movements?
• What do Fraser, Honneth, and Young argue about procedural justice?
• Which concept is defined as the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens across generations?
• What best captures the main idea of climate relocation's impact on collective continuance when rising seas threaten a coastal Indigenous community?
• What is a major critique of Capabilities Justice as described in the material?
• AI data center decision-making occurs at the intersection of which factors?
• Recognition justice is described as the lack of respect and recognition leading to what consequence?
• Which statement characterizes Recognition Justice in the critique, highlighting its focus on individual agency?
• Which two populations are commonly identified as vulnerable in environmental justice work?
• Beyond elk population changes, what ecological effect is associated with wolves' reintroduction in Yellowstone?
• Give a water-related environmental justice example and the key policy lesson learned.
• Which idea is described in the material as part of intergenerational justice?
• What relationship do Bullard and colleagues document regarding environmental hazards?
• Within Environmental Justice history, what issue is central to Native American struggles?
• Which statement is true about Social Movement Emergence factors as presented?
• Environmental health disparity and how is it assessed?
• Which elements are essential to making climate adaptation planning environmentally just?
• Executive Order 12898 requires federal agencies to identify and address disproportionately high or adverse environmental effects on which populations and to integrate EJ considerations into planning, programming, and decision-making?
• How do water contamination incidents exemplify EJ issues?
• Which components are typically included in reparations discussions?
• What is a common limitation of EJ Screen data?
• The environmental racism concept also encompasses racial and class dimensions, with injustices disproportionately affecting lower-income neighborhoods. Which statement best captures this idea?
• Environmental racism is best described as which of the following?
• Which concept is illustrated by current generations benefiting from fossil fuels while future generations bear costs such as rising sea levels and biodiversity loss?
• Traditional models of Environmental Justice are described as being which of the following?
• Which definition matches Collective Continuance?
• Which of the following is commonly used as an EJ indicator?
• What is the role of healthcare professionals in EJ advocacy?
• What impact did organizational vehicles have on climate activism, according to the critique?
• Which term describes the pattern by which environmental changes accumulate to reinforce settler ignorance against Indigenous peoples?
• Which term best matches the definition describing the community's ability to maintain and renew its way of life across generations, including relationships with land, water, plants, animals, ancestors, descendants, culture, governance, and self-determination?
• In practical terms, environmental racism is best described as what?
• Differentiate between meaningful participation and simple notification in environmental justice work.
• What is a Community Benefits Agreement (CBA) and how does it relate to EJ?
• Which statement best describes recognition justice as an EJ pillar?
• An intersectional approach to environmental issues is often advocated because the injustices and racisms overlap. Why is intersectionality important in environmental justice?
• Mandatory EJ analyses across agencies are proposed to ensure what outcome?
• What major takeaway is commonly cited from the Warren County PCB landfill case (1982)?
• What is a common EJ criticism of traditional cost-benefit analysis?
• Equity analysis is needed in EJ because neutral decisions can still produce disparate impacts due to what?
• Which form of justice is also known as participatory justice?
• In EJ data analysis, what does ground-truthing refer to?
• Alternative analyses in permitting decisions examine what?
• What is the purpose of a Health Impact Assessment in the EJ process?
• What is the core idea behind the three factors framework for social movement emergence?
• Which are the four kinds of justice relevant to environmental justice?
• What EJ concerns arise with pipelines and fossil fuel infrastructure?
• How can policymakers mitigate unintended consequences in EJ planning?
• A pipeline built through indigenous land may threaten sacred sites, water sources, and treaty rights, disrupting the community's relationship to land. This scenario best illustrates which aspect of collective continuance?
• What are EJ indicators used for?
• Which statement best captures the distributive justice critique about redistribution and structural injustice?
• Environmental injustice can involve the siting of hazardous environmental industries based on identity characteristics or vulnerabilities, such as technologies located in semi-rural areas with less governance. How is environmental injustice best described?